Figure 8
Direct impacts on human well-being result from social changes caused directly by the conservation strategy (solid line in Figure 8). For example, if a protected area hires park guards, this has the direct effect of increasing jobs. No environmental change is required to create the jobs. Nature-mediated impacts result from a loss or gain in human well-being as a result of changes in the environment caused by a conservation program (dotted line in Figure 8). For example, improvement in household income from higher fish landings outside of a marine protected area is a nature-mediated impact, because the conservation strategy first has to impact the environment before the social change occurs. Conservation practitioners may be least familiar with the plausible direct impacts of strategies on human well-being, so additional attention should be given to ensuring their consideration. Consultation with external experts may be helpful.